一篇文章教你搞懂日志采集利器 Filebeat
2021-03-17 12:17:54
本文使用的Filebeat是7.7.0的版本，文章將從如下幾個方面說明：
Filebeat是什么，可以用來干嘛 Filebeat的原理是怎樣的，怎么構成的 Filebeat應該怎么玩
Packetbeat：網絡數據（收集網絡流量數據） Metricbeat：指標（收集系統、進程和文件系統級別的CPU和內存使用情況等數據） Filebeat：日志文件（收集文件數據） Winlogbeat：Windows事件日志（收集Windows事件日志數據） Auditbeat：審計數據（收集審計日志） Heartbeat：運行時間監控（收集系統運行時的數據）
文件處理程序關閉，如果harvester仍在讀取文件時被刪除，則釋放底層資源。 只有在scan_frequency結束之后，才會再次啟動文件的收集。 如果該文件在harvester關閉時被移動或刪除，該文件的收集將不會繼續。
curl-L-Ohttps://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-7.7.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf filebeat-7.7.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
export #導出
run #執行（默認執行）
test #測試配置
keystore #秘鑰存儲
modules #模塊配置管理
setup #設置初始環境
創建一個存儲密碼的keystore：filebeat keystore create 然后往其中添加鍵值對，例如：filebeatk eystore add ES_PWD 使用覆蓋原來鍵的值：filebeat key store add ES_PWD–force 刪除鍵值對：filebeat key store remove ES_PWD 查看已有的鍵值對：filebeat key store list
output.elasticsearch.password:"${ES_PWD}"type: log #input類型為log
enable: true #表示是該log類型配置生效
paths： #指定要監控的日志，目前按照Go語言的glob函數處理。沒有對配置目錄做遞歸處理，比如配置的如果是：
- /var/log/* /*.log #則只會去/var/log目錄的所有子目錄中尋找以".log"結尾的文件，而不會尋找/var/log目錄下以".log"結尾的文件。
recursive_glob.enabled: #啟用全局遞歸模式，例如/foo/**包括/foo, /foo/*, /foo/*/*
encoding：#指定被監控的文件的編碼類型，使用plain和utf-8都是可以處理中文日志的
exclude_lines: ['^DBG'] #不包含匹配正則的行
include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN'] #包含匹配正則的行
harvester_buffer_size: 16384 #每個harvester在獲取文件時使用的緩沖區的字節大小
max_bytes: 10485760 #單個日志消息可以擁有的最大字節數。max_bytes之后的所有字節都被丟棄而不發送。默認值為10MB (10485760)
exclude_files: ['\.gz$'] #用于匹配希望Filebeat忽略的文件的正則表達式列表
ingore_older: 0 #默認為0，表示禁用，可以配置2h，2m等，注意ignore_older必須大于close_inactive的值.表示忽略超過設置值未更新的
文件或者文件從來沒有被harvester收集
close_* #close_ *配置選項用于在特定標準或時間之后關閉harvester。 關閉harvester意味著關閉文件處理程序。 如果在harvester關閉
后文件被更新，則在scan_frequency過后，文件將被重新拾取。 但是，如果在harvester關閉時移動或刪除文件，Filebeat將無法再次接收文件
，并且harvester未讀取的任何數據都將丟失。
close_inactive #啟動選項時，如果在制定時間沒有被讀取，將關閉文件句柄
讀取的最后一條日志定義為下一次讀取的起始點，而不是基于文件的修改時間
如果關閉的文件發生變化，一個新的harverster將在scan_frequency運行后被啟動
建議至少設置一個大于讀取日志頻率的值，配置多個prospector來實現針對不同更新速度的日志文件
使用內部時間戳機制，來反映記錄日志的讀取，每次讀取到最后一行日志時開始倒計時使用2h 5m 來表示
close_rename #當選項啟動，如果文件被重命名和移動，filebeat關閉文件的處理讀取
close_removed #當選項啟動，文件被刪除時，filebeat關閉文件的處理讀取這個選項啟動后，必須啟動clean_removed
close_eof #適合只寫一次日志的文件，然后filebeat關閉文件的處理讀取
close_timeout #當選項啟動時，filebeat會給每個harvester設置預定義時間，不管這個文件是否被讀取，達到設定時間后，將被關閉
close_timeout 不能等于ignore_older,會導致文件更新時，不會被讀取如果output一直沒有輸出日志事件，這個timeout是不會被啟動的，
至少要要有一個事件發送，然后haverter將被關閉
設置0 表示不啟動
clean_inactived #從注冊表文件中刪除先前收獲的文件的狀態
設置必須大于ignore_older+scan_frequency，以確保在文件仍在收集時沒有刪除任何狀態
配置選項有助于減小注冊表文件的大小，特別是如果每天都生成大量的新文件
此配置選項也可用于防止在Linux上重用inode的Filebeat問題
clean_removed #啟動選項后，如果文件在磁盤上找不到，將從注冊表中清除filebeat
如果關閉close removed 必須關閉clean removed
scan_frequency #prospector檢查指定用于收獲的路徑中的新文件的頻率,默認10s
tail_files：#如果設置為true，Filebeat從文件尾開始監控文件新增內容，把新增的每一行文件作為一個事件依次發送，
而不是從文件開始處重新發送所有內容。
symlinks：#符號鏈接選項允許Filebeat除常規文件外,可以收集符號鏈接。收集符號鏈接時，即使報告了符號鏈接的路徑，
Filebeat也會打開并讀取原始文件。
backoff： #backoff選項指定Filebeat如何積極地抓取新文件進行更新。默認1s，backoff選項定義Filebeat在達到EOF之后
再次檢查文件之間等待的時間。
max_backoff： #在達到EOF之后再次檢查文件之前Filebeat等待的最長時間
backoff_factor： #指定backoff嘗試等待時間幾次，默認是2
harvester_limit：#harvester_limit選項限制一個prospector并行啟動的harvester數量，直接影響文件打開數
tags #列表中添加標簽，用過過濾，例如：tags: ["json"]
fields #可選字段，選擇額外的字段進行輸出可以是標量值，元組，字典等嵌套類型
默認在sub-dictionary位置
filebeat.inputs:
fields:
app_id: query_engine_12
fields_under_root #如果值為ture，那么fields存儲在輸出文檔的頂級位置
multiline.pattern #必須匹配的regexp模式
multiline.negate #定義上面的模式匹配條件的動作是 否定的，默認是false
假如模式匹配條件'^b'，默認是false模式，表示講按照模式匹配進行匹配 將不是以b開頭的日志行進行合并
如果是true，表示將不以b開頭的日志行進行合并
multiline.match # 指定Filebeat如何將匹配行組合成事件,在之前或者之后，取決于上面所指定的negate
multiline.max_lines #可以組合成一個事件的最大行數，超過將丟棄，默認500
multiline.timeout #定義超時時間，如果開始一個新的事件在超時時間內沒有發現匹配，也將發送日志，默認是5s
max_procs #設置可以同時執行的最大CPU數。默認值為系統中可用的邏輯CPU的數量。
name #為該filebeat指定名字，默認為主機的hostname
#=========================== Filebeat inputs =============================
filebeat.inputs:
# Each - is an input. Most options can be set at the input level, so
# you can use different inputs for various configurations.
# Below are the input specific configurations.
- type: log
# Change to true to enable this input configuration.
enabled: true
# Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
paths: #配置多個日志路徑
-/var/logs/es_aaa_index_search_slowlog.log
-/var/logs/es_bbb_index_search_slowlog.log
-/var/logs/es_ccc_index_search_slowlog.log
-/var/logs/es_ddd_index_search_slowlog.log
#- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*
# Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
# matching any regular expression from the list.
#exclude_lines: ['^DBG']
# Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
# matching any regular expression from the list.
#include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']
# Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
# are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
#exclude_files: ['.gz$']
# Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked
# to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
#fields:
# level: debug
# review: 1
### Multiline options
# Multiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common
# for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation
# The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [
#multiline.pattern: ^\[
# Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false.
#multiline.negate: false
# Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern
# that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate.
# Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash
#multiline.match: after
#================================ Outputs =====================================
#----------------------------- Logstash output --------------------------------
output.logstash:
# The Logstash hosts #配多個logstash使用負載均衡機制
hosts: ["192.168.110.130:5044","192.168.110.131:5044","192.168.110.132:5044","192.168.110.133:5044"]
loadbalance: true #使用了負載均衡
# Optional SSL. By default is off.
# List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications
#ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"]
# Certificate for SSL client authentication
#ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem"
# Client Certificate Key
#ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key"
input {
beats {
port => 5044
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://192.168.110.130:9200"] #這里可以配置多個
index => "query-%{yyyyMMdd}"
}
}
###################### Filebeat Configuration Example #########################
# This file is an example configuration file highlighting only the most common
# options. The filebeat.reference.yml file from the same directory contains all the
# supported options with more comments. You can use it as a reference.
#
# You can find the full configuration reference here:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/index.html
# For more available modules and options, please see the filebeat.reference.yml sample
# configuration file.
#=========================== Filebeat inputs =============================
filebeat.inputs:
# Each - is an input. Most options can be set at the input level, so
# you can use different inputs for various configurations.
# Below are the input specific configurations.
- type: log
# Change to true to enable this input configuration.
enabled: true
# Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
paths:
-/var/logs/es_aaa_index_search_slowlog.log
-/var/logs/es_bbb_index_search_slowlog.log
-/var/logs/es_ccc_index_search_slowlog.log
-/var/logs/es_dddd_index_search_slowlog.log
#- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*
# Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
# matching any regular expression from the list.
#exclude_lines: ['^DBG']
# Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
# matching any regular expression from the list.
#include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']
# Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
# are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
#exclude_files: ['.gz$']
# Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked
# to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
#fields:
# level: debug
# review: 1
### Multiline options
# Multiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common
# for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation
# The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [
#multiline.pattern: ^\[
# Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false.
#multiline.negate: false
# Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern
# that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate.
# Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash
#multiline.match: after
#============================= Filebeat modules ===============================
filebeat.config.modules:
# Glob pattern for configuration loading
path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml
# Set to true to enable config reloading
reload.enabled: false
# Period on which files under path should be checked for changes
#reload.period: 10s
#==================== Elasticsearch template setting ==========================
#================================ General =====================================
# The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group
# all the transactions sent by a single shipper in the web interface.
name: filebeat222
# The tags of the shipper are included in their own field with each
# transaction published.
#tags: ["service-X", "web-tier"]
# Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the
# output.
#fields:
# env: staging
#cloud.auth:
#================================ Outputs =====================================
#-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------
output.elasticsearch:
# Array of hosts to connect to.
hosts: ["192.168.110.130:9200","92.168.110.131:9200"]
# Protocol - either `http` (default) or `https`.
#protocol: "https"
# Authentication credentials - either API key or username/password.
#api_key: "id:api_key"
username: "elastic"
password: "${ES_PWD}" #通過keystore設置密碼
#============================== Kibana =====================================
# Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API.
# This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration.
setup.kibana:
# Kibana Host
# Scheme and port can be left out and will be set to the default (http and 5601)
# In case you specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path
# IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601
host: "192.168.110.130:5601" #指定kibana
username: "elastic" #用戶
password: "${ES_PWD}" #密碼，這里使用了keystore，防止明文密碼
# Kibana Space ID
# ID of the Kibana Space into which the dashboards should be loaded. By default,
# the Default Space will be used.
#space.id:
#================================ Outputs =====================================
# Configure what output to use when sending the data collected by the beat.
#-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------
output.elasticsearch:
# Array of hosts to connect to.
hosts: ["192.168.110.130:9200","192.168.110.131:9200"]
# Protocol - either `http` (default) or `https`.
#protocol: "https"
# Authentication credentials - either API key or username/password.
#api_key: "id:api_key"
username: "elastic" #es的用戶
password: "${ES_PWD}" # es的密碼
#這里不能指定index，因為我沒有配置模板，會自動生成一個名為filebeat-%{[beat.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}的索引
cd filebeat-7.7.0-linux-x86_64/modules.d
./filebeat modules elasticsearch
./filebeat modules list
./filebeat setup -e
./filebeat -e
